Gender-affirming genital surgery

Surgeries to remove and/or construct genitals and/or internal reproductive organs to be more aligned with a person’s gender identity. Gender-affirming genital surgeries are often referred to as ‘bottom surgeries.’ Types of genital surgeries include:

• Clitoroplasty (creation of a clitoris)
• Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus; may also include removal of the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes)
• Labiaplasty (creation of inner and outer labia)
• Metoidioplasty (creation of a masculine phallus using testosterone-enlarged clitoral tissue)
• Oophorectomy (removal of ovaries)
• Orchiectomy (removal of testicles)
• Penectomy (removal of the penis)
• Phalloplasty (creation of a phallus)
• Scrotoplasty (creation of a scrotum and often paired with testicular implants)
• Urethral lengthening (to allow voiding while standing)
• Vaginectomy (removal of the vagina)
• Vaginoplasty (creation of a neo-vagina)
• Vulvoplasty (creation of a vulva)